GDB A-Level Media

MEDIA LANGUAGE: Roland Barthes - the theory of semiotics Tzvetan Todorov - the theory of narrative Steve Neale - theories around genre Claude Levi-Strausse - Binary oppositions  REPRESENTATION: Richard Dyer - the theory of Stereotypes bel hooks - feminist theory David Gauntlet - the pick and mix theory Stuart Hall - the theory of representation  Lisbet van Zoonen - feminist theory and the male gaze INDUSTRY: David Hesmondhalgh - the cultural industries Curran and Seaton - the theory of power in the media industries Sonia Livingstone and Peter Lunt - the theory of media regulation AUDIENCE: David Gauntlet - the pick and mix theory Albert Bandura - the hypordermic syringe theory Stuart Hall - Reception Theory George Gerbner - Cultivation Theory

Conventions of a fashion advert with a photograph of the 'product'.  Pun of 'Red Soles' because the bottles would make uncomfortable shoes and make their actual feet red Mocking the rich Binary opposition of rich and poor Could link to the way that some people find material items important however it is now bringing in how this is more important Ideology of the producer is to make the audience feel guilty for spending money on expensive shoes instead of donating it to charity mise-en-scene is dry and arid, and it could be a type of intertextuality (charity adverts), and tis creates meaning Referential/Symbolic code of the phrase "red soles are always in fashion", a type of dark humor The white background and bright atmosphere symbolises the purity, however there is the binary opposition of the image  Binary opposition of the imprisonment and then the model There is frustration from the man, and it is a mid shot which is unconventional.  The a...

"Genre Conventions in magazines are completely informed by the social and historical context to which they are made" -Michael Collins EVALUATE THIS STATEMENT WITH REFERENCES TO ADBUSTERS. MAKE REFERENCE TO GENRE HYBRIDITY.  Genre Conventions = the things that make magazines magazines. This also refers to the genre of the magazine itself.  Things that would influence magazines today are things like widespread terrorism, Brexit, the American Election, new morals.  Look into detail and say why you may agree or disagree. Use your OPINION within questions like this. Structuring an essay: READ the questions and ANNOTATE AND UNDERLINE key terms. Think about your GUT REACTION. What is your opinion? What ARGUMENT will you make? PLAN YOUR ANSWER :) Start WRITING your answer - Introduction ( C ontext, D efinition, A rgument) , Paragraphs ( P oint, E vidence, E xplain,  A rgument), Conclusion (not super important).

Detournement - Hijacking or re-routing, and could say "Culture Jamming" 'Culture Jamming' is the practice of criticising and subverting advertising and consumerism in the mass media, by methods such as producing advertisements parodying those of global brands. ADBUSTERS: GENRE: not immediately clear, however it seems like satire or black humour. It is dark, and possibly even very critical of the world. Many of their articles are parodies. It is also very political. It is independent, and also campaigning, as well as culture jamming. BRAND IDENTITY: Simple, informal mode of address. It is mainly images, with short mastheads which are straight forward. They are not the same or consistent, and therefore builds a more specific audience. Barcodes are all in different places and this also varies design.  ADBUSTERS DOES NOT FEATURE PAID ADVERTS.  PUBLISHED: Bi-monthly COST: £10.99 - this is due to the fact that they do not have paid adverts and they do not ge...

IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisation) - the regulators of print media (magazines). They follow an 'Editor's code of practice', which  sets out the rules that newspapers and magazines regulated by IPSO have agreed to follow. It is written and administered by the Editors' Code Committee, and enforced by IPSO.  The ASA (Advertising Standards Agency) also regulates magazines because there are advertisements in the magazines

The Suffragette Movement, Two World Wars, the swingin' 60s, Britpop and the digital revolution - we been part of it all Pinpointing exactly how far Time Inc. UK's (formerly IPC Media) roots stretch back into the midst of publishing history is a complicated business. The International Publishing Corporation Ltd was formed in 1963 following the merger of the UK's three leading magazine publishers - George Newnes, Odhams Press and Fleetway Publications - who came together with the Mirror Group to form the International Publishing Corporation (IPC). And IPC Magazines was created five years later, in 1968. But those three original magazine businesses each had their own illustrious history, having been established in 1881, 1890 and 1880 respectively, with a number of the titles they launched in the late 19th Century still being published today under the Time Inc. UK umbrella. And when The Field, launched in 1853, joined the IPC stable in 1994 following the acquisition of Harm...

Brand Identity : The aesthetics of a company that make them easy to recognise, and is how a business presents itself to and wants to be perceived by its consumers. It is a way of differentiating it from other brands. A magazine company isn't just attracting an audience, it is constructing it. An audience repeatedly buying a brand is known as ' brand loyalty '. You can also sell specific adverts within magazines which will attract the audience that a magazine had constructed. It demonstrates the ideology of the company. A magazine will always attract and target a specific audience, and this makes them specialised. Woman magazine was 7d (80p today) and sold around 3million copies a week in the 1960s. It had a large circulation with a mass audience. COMPARISON: Vogue's brand identity is much more over the top and glamorous  The Woman cover is much more messy, and the font is sans serif making it look more simple and messy Blue is a very regal colour and by us...

REPRESENTATIONS OF WOMEN: women are represented as being very vain, as it is a mid shot is emphasising how she is admiring herself in the mirror she is already wearing makeup and this could represent how women always strive for perfection women are also shown here as being objects for men to admire, and to be admired to men you need to wear makeup, which shows patriarchal hegemony creates an assumption that women need men the phrase "beauty at a moments notice" displays how easy it is to wear makeup, and therefore shows how people who don't do this are lazy and incpable could be empowering as the woman is paying attention to herself, not the man she isn't at home, and therefore this advert is quite progressive in that she isn't being a typical housewife there is a stereotypical representation of men because they are being very shallow and only liking a woman for her looks the mise-en-scene in this image is quite effective because there are mainly men...

Reinforcing Hegemonic norms - constructing representations of femininity -In 'Woman' Magazine, there are several messages about female identity encoded within it. For example, there is an article about being an 'A-Level beauty' which would suggest that women need makeup to be beautiful. -There is also an element within an article about kitchens where women are told to get the "man in your life" to help them. This would suggest that women need men and that they aren't strong and can't do things for themselves. Impact on the target audience -  - Target audience is women who are aged between 25-50. - The magazine cultivates the idea that woman have to wear makeup - It cultivates the idea that women are meant to be housewives and have children - It constructs a target audience as it is very specific - If you control the women, then you control society ADVERTISING IN MAGAZINES magazines generate revenue primarily through print and digital co...

Audience Responses: Some women could take from this a type of freedom that they can make their kitchen their own and it is something they can be proud of  The articles are boring and the middle bottom article is quite condescending as it uses lexis such as "girl" which evokes a feeling of weakness Some women may not be interested in this at all whereas other may pay more attention in the kitchen There is a reminder here that you should get the "man in your life" to put it together, as though women need to marry or have a partner It's suggesting that you need to be smart about your money, which is a reminder that women don't earn a lot of money however it is being positive about it The DIY aspect is effective because it shows how women are being made to feel that they can actually do something with their lives  The photograph of a woman showing her son how to cook even though men aren't necessarily the cooks of the house The repeated use of w...

Analysis/Audience responses: Serif font is almost sophisticated and would attract female audiences as they would feel this is a sophisticated product. It is also stereotypically feminine. The pink is quite delicate and dainty. The woman in the photo is of a woman who seems to be in her 30s. Her features are very smooth as well as having perfect teeth, and this would make women feel that they must read this magazine to be as perfect as her. (mise-en-scene). There is also a huge stress on being a housewife in this magazine, which is implied by the lexis about a home lifestyle such as "kitchen". (mode of address). There is a strong Z-line here with the title and the band at the bottom of the cover, which draws the attention to the fact that to be a true woman you would care about that the most and how you look. (composition).  The lighting in this is important because it is a very delicate and light cover, implying that women should be pretty and delicate (key lightin...

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPONENT 1 AND 2: Component 1 is comparing and contrasting media texts, and you don't know what will come up in the exam Component 2 is where you analyse the media text and what it is made up of and why Component 2 example Compared with the past, David Gauntelett argues that in the media today, 'we no longer set singular, straightforward messages about ideal types of male and female identities'. Evaluate the validity of this claim with reference to the set editions of Woman and Adbusters and the historical context in which they were produced. [30] What you need to answer this: include and expand on your own opinion reference both magazines in your answer there is historical context that you need to include you need to almost make up a question yourself the argument does not need to be balanced Spend 50 minutes on each question, 10 planning and 40 writing. Semiotics re-cap: - Hermeneutic - Proairetic - Symbolic ...

POWER AND MEDIA INDUSTRIES (Curran and Seaton) - the media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the logic of profit and domination. REGULATION (Sonia Livingstone and Peter Lunt) - transformations in the production, distribution and marketing of digital media, have placed traditional approaches to media restrictions at risk CULTURAL INDUSTRIES (David Hesmondhalg) - companies try to minimise risk and maximise audiences through vertical and horizontal integration. Cultural Capital is the cultural resources of an individual , for example knowledge, qualifications, art, customs and tastes. THE MIRROR - The image suggests a working class because there are many images, much more so than text - there is a cluttered and crowded layout which suggests they aren't sophisticated - sans serif font suggests informality - restrictive lexis By using these techniques, then this could lead people to believe they are one thing when they possibly are not. T...

RECEPTION THEORY is the way in which and audience PROCESSES the IDEOLOGY of the producer. These would be the PREFERRED, NEGOTIATED and OPPOSITIONAL readings. The Cambridge News the Cambridge News is a tabloid newspaper which contains local news. Within the article, the audience is to be made pitiful because throughout the article they refer to her mental health issues several times and this will cause they audience to feel sorry for her. However, we also are made to dislike the court system because she isn't innocent and if she has been found guilty then that is the final reason and she should be sent to prison. Woodward herself is represented as being smug and middle class, through her expression in both images used. As well as this, the caption (anchorage) used on the front page makes her out to be happy that she has gotten away with a crime.  In this article, women are made out to be hysterical, and that women become crazed for no reason whatsoever. Another thing bei...